Gallbladder Symptoms: A Comprehensive Guide by a Laparoscopic Surgeon

Hello, I’m Dr. Rajarshi Mitra, a specialist laparoscopic surgeon practicing in Abu Dhabi for over 20 years. As a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (FACS), I’ve performed thousands of gallbladder surgeries and helped countless patients navigate the often confusing symptoms of gallbladder disease.

Understanding gallbladder symptoms is crucial because early recognition can prevent serious complications like acute cholecystitis, bile duct obstruction, and pancreatitis. In my practice at NMC Specialty Hospital in Abu Dhabi, I see many patients who delayed seeking care because they didn’t recognize their symptoms as gallbladder-related.

This comprehensive guide will help you: identify gallbladder symptoms accurately, understand what these symptoms mean for your health, know when to seek emergency care versus routine consultation, and learn about effective treatment options available in Abu Dhabi.

What is the Gallbladder and Why Does It Matter?

Before we dive into symptoms, understanding your gallbladder’s function helps you recognize when something goes wrong. Many patients tell me they never thought about this small organ until it started causing problems.

The Gallbladder’s Critical Role in Digestion

Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ tucked beneath your liver on the right side of your upper abdomen. Think of it as a storage reservoir for bile – a greenish-yellow digestive fluid your liver continuously produces.

Here’s how it works: When you eat, especially foods containing fats, your gallbladder receives a signal to contract. It then releases stored bile through the common bile duct into your small intestine, where bile breaks down fats into smaller particles your body can absorb. Without adequate bile release, you’d struggle to digest fatty foods and absorb essential fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).

In Abu Dhabi’s diverse culinary landscape – from traditional Emirati dishes rich in lamb and rice to international cuisines – your gallbladder works constantly to help you enjoy these foods comfortably.

Why Gallbladder Problems Develop

The most common cause of gallbladder symptoms is gallstones – hardened deposits that form when bile components crystallize. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, gallstones affect 10-15% of the adult population, though many remain asymptomatic.

Gallstones can range from tiny grains of sand to golf ball-sized masses. When these stones block bile ducts, they trigger the intense pain and symptoms we’ll discuss shortly.

Other causes include:

• Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder wall, often from prolonged stone obstruction
• Biliary dyskinesia – poor gallbladder contraction without stones present
• Biliary sludge – thick bile that can eventually form stones
• Infection or tumors – less common but serious causes

Recognizing Gallbladder Symptoms: A Detailed Guide

Gallbladder symptoms can range from subtle warning signs to acute emergencies. Learning to recognize these patterns can help you seek timely care and avoid complications.

Classic Gallbladder Pain (Biliary Colic): The Hallmark Symptom

After performing thousands of gallbladder surgeries, I can tell you that biliary colic – the medical term for gallbladder pain – has distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other abdominal complaints.

Location: Where You’ll Feel Gallbladder Pain

The pain typically strikes in the upper right abdomen, just below your rib cage. This is exactly where your gallbladder sits, nestled under your liver. However, gallbladder pain is notorious for radiating to other areas:

• Right shoulder blade or shoulder tip – This referred pain occurs because the phrenic nerve (which senses gallbladder irritation) also supplies sensation to the shoulder region
• Upper back or between shoulder blades – Many patients initially think they’ve strained a muscle
• Center of upper abdomen (epigastrium) – Right below your breastbone, sometimes mimicking heartburn

Quality: What Gallbladder Pain Feels Like

Patients describe gallbladder pain in various ways, but common descriptions include:

• Sharp, stabbing pain – Like someone is poking you with a knife
• Deep, intense ache – A gnawing sensation that won’t quit
• Cramping or gripping pain – Like a muscle spasm you can’t relieve
• Constant, unrelenting pressure – Building in intensity over minutes

What makes gallbladder pain distinctive is that it typically doesn’t change with body position. Unlike muscle pain or gas pain, you can’t find a comfortable position to ease it.

Timing and Triggers: When Gallbladder Pain Strikes

Classic trigger: Fatty meals are the most common provocation. That rich dinner at your favorite Abu Dhabi restaurant – lamb machboos, shawarma with tahini, or even a creamy pasta – can trigger symptoms within 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating.

Why fatty foods trigger symptoms: Fat in your intestine signals your gallbladder to contract strongly. If stones block the bile duct during contraction, pressure builds rapidly, causing intense pain.

Other common patterns:

• Nighttime attacks – Many patients wake up 1-3 hours after their evening meal with severe pain
• Post-fasting attacks – Interestingly, attacks can occur when you first eat after prolonged fasting (particularly relevant during Ramadan)
• Stress-related episodes – While stress doesn’t cause gallstones, it can trigger attacks in those already affected

Duration: How Long Gallbladder Pain Lasts

A typical biliary colic episode lasts anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours. The pain usually reaches peak intensity within 15-30 minutes, plateaus, then gradually subsides as the stone shifts position or the gallbladder relaxes.

Red flag: If pain persists beyond 6 hours or intensifies progressively, this suggests acute cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) requiring immediate medical attention.

Understanding the Difference: Common Pain vs. Severe Pain Requiring Emergency Care

Not all gallbladder pain requires an emergency room visit, but knowing the difference can be lifesaving.

Routine biliary colic typically:

• Resolves within a few hours
• Allows you to function (though uncomfortably)
• Occurs intermittently with pain-free intervals between attacks
• Responds somewhat to pain medications

Emergency symptoms requiring immediate care:

• Unrelenting pain lasting >6 hours
• Fever and chills with abdominal pain
• Vomiting that prevents keeping any fluids down
• Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)
• Rapid heartbeat or confusion

Associated Digestive Symptoms: Beyond the Pain

Gallbladder problems don’t exist in isolation. They disrupt your entire digestive process, leading to a cascade of uncomfortable symptoms.

Nausea and Vomiting

During a gallbladder attack, nausea is almost universal. About 70% of my patients report feeling nauseated during pain episodes, and roughly half actually vomit. The vomiting doesn’t relieve the pain (unlike food poisoning), which frustrates many patients.

Bloating and Excessive Gas

When bile flow is compromised, fat digestion suffers. Undigested fats reach your colon where bacteria ferment them, producing gas, bloating, and that uncomfortable “stuffed” feeling.

This is particularly troublesome after meals high in fat – that post-dinner bloating that makes you want to loosen your belt is a common complaint.

Chronic Indigestion and Heartburn-Like Symptoms

Gallbladder disease often mimics acid reflux. Patients describe:

• Burning sensation in the upper chest
• Sour taste in the mouth
• Burping and belching
• Fullness after small meals

Many patients have tried antacids or reflux medications without relief before discovering their gallbladder was the culprit.

Changes in Bowel Habits

Both diarrhea and constipation can occur with gallbladder problems:

• Diarrhea – More common, occurring in about 20% of patients due to bile acids irritating the colon
• Constipation – Can result from reduced bile flow affecting intestinal motility
• Pale or clay-colored stools – A critical sign of bile duct obstruction requiring immediate attention
• Dark, tea-colored urine – Also indicates bile backup into the bloodstream

Systemic Symptoms: When Your Whole Body Reacts

Severe gallbladder problems don’t stay localized – they trigger body-wide responses that signal serious complications.

Fever and Chills: Signs of Infection

If your gallbladder pain is accompanied by fever (especially above 38.3°C / 101°F) and chills, this indicates acute cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder that’s often infected.

This is a surgical emergency. The infected gallbladder can rupture, causing life-threatening peritonitis (abdominal infection). When patients present with fever and gallbladder pain, I typically admit them for immediate treatment and often schedule urgent surgery.

Jaundice: The Yellow Warning Sign

Jaundice – yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes – occurs when bile cannot drain from your gallbladder or liver into your intestine. Instead, bilirubin (a yellow pigment in bile) backs up into your bloodstream.

This is always serious and requires immediate evaluation. Causes include:

• Gallstone blocking the common bile duct
• Inflammation compressing the bile duct
• Cholangitis (infection of the bile ducts)

I cannot stress enough: if you notice jaundice, go to the emergency department or call 998 in Abu Dhabi immediately.

Gallbladder Symptoms in Women: Special Considerations

Women face unique challenges when it comes to gallbladder disease. In my practice, approximately 65-70% of gallbladder surgery patients are women, and this isn’t coincidental.

Why Women Are at Higher Risk

Multiple factors increase gallstone formation in women:

Hormonal Influences

Estrogen increases cholesterol in bile and decreases gallbladder contractions – both promote stone formation. This is why risk increases with:

• Pregnancy – Hormone surges during pregnancy significantly increase risk
• Hormone replacement therapy – Post-menopausal hormone therapy doubles gallstone risk
• Birth control pills – Oral contraceptives moderately increase risk, especially in the first few years of use

Reproductive Factors

• Multiple pregnancies – Each pregnancy increases cumulative risk
• Younger age at first pregnancy – Earlier first pregnancy correlates with higher lifetime risk

Age and Demographics

The classic “4 F’s” in gallstone disease epidemiology are: Female, Forty (or over), Fertile, and Fair-skinned. However, in the UAE’s diverse population, I see gallbladder disease across all ethnic backgrounds and age groups.

How Symptoms May Differ in Women

Women often experience gallbladder symptoms differently than men:

• More subtle pain – Women may have milder, more diffuse abdominal discomfort that’s easily dismissed as “indigestion”
• Higher likelihood of nausea – Nausea and vomiting tend to be more prominent in women
• Symptoms during menstruation – Some women notice symptom flares during their menstrual cycle
• Confusion with gynecological issues – Right-sided pain can mimic ovarian problems

Special Considerations for Women in Abu Dhabi

In my Abu Dhabi practice, I’ve noticed unique considerations for women patients:

• Ramadan fasting considerations – The prolonged fasting followed by large iftar meals can trigger symptoms in susceptible women
• Family decision-making – In many families, women may delay seeking care to prioritize family responsibilities
• Pregnancy planning – We often discuss timing surgery around pregnancy plans

Early Warning Signs: Recognizing a “Bad Gallbladder” Before It Gets Worse

Not everyone experiences dramatic gallbladder attacks. Many patients have subtle symptoms for months or years before seeking help. Learning to recognize these early warning signs can prevent progression to serious complications.

Subtle Symptoms Often Ignored

Recurring Post-Meal Discomfort

If you consistently feel uncomfortable after eating – especially after fatty meals – this may be your gallbladder’s early warning system. The discomfort might be:

• Vague upper abdominal “fullness” or pressure
• Mild aching that comes and goes
• Sensation of food “sitting heavy” in your stomach

Increased Episodes of “Indigestion”

Many patients tell me they’ve been taking antacids daily for months. When antacids don’t help, the problem often lies with your gallbladder, not stomach acid.

Unexplained Nausea or Loss of Appetite

Subtle, persistent nausea – especially in the afternoon or evening – can indicate early gallbladder dysfunction. Some patients notice they’ve lost interest in foods they once enjoyed, particularly rich or fatty dishes.

Food Intolerances That Develop Suddenly

If you suddenly find yourself unable to tolerate foods you previously enjoyed – fried foods, creamy sauces, certain meats – your gallbladder may be struggling.

When to Act on Early Symptoms

Don’t wait for severe symptoms. If you experience recurring digestive issues, especially:

• Symptoms specifically after fatty meals
• Right upper abdominal discomfort (even if mild)
• Symptoms occurring 2-3 times per month or more

Schedule a consultation with a specialist. Early evaluation often reveals gallstones before complications develop, allowing for planned surgery rather than emergency intervention.

Understanding Gallbladder Attacks: A Medical Emergency

A gallbladder attack represents an acute escalation of symptoms that requires immediate attention. Having treated hundreds of patients in emergency situations, I can tell you that recognizing an attack early and seeking prompt care makes a significant difference in outcomes.

Anatomy of a Gallbladder Attack

A gallbladder attack (acute biliary colic) occurs when a gallstone temporarily or completely blocks your cystic duct or common bile duct. Think of it like a dam suddenly blocking a river – pressure builds rapidly upstream.

The sequence typically unfolds like this:

1. Triggering event – Usually eating a fatty meal
2. Gallbladder contraction – Your gallbladder contracts to release bile
3. Stone obstruction – A gallstone blocks the duct exit
4. Pressure buildup – Bile cannot escape, causing intense pain
5. Symptom cascade – Pain triggers nausea, vomiting, and sweating

Recognizing Attack Characteristics

Pain quality and intensity:

• Sudden onset – Goes from zero to severe in minutes
• Excruciating intensity – Many patients describe it as “the worst pain of their life”
• Steady, unrelenting – Unlike cramping that comes in waves
• Makes movement painful – Deep breathing or position changes hurt

Duration and pattern:

• Lasts minimum 30 minutes, often 2-6 hours
• May resolve suddenly when stone shifts position
• If pain persists >6 hours, likely indicates acute cholecystitis

Associated symptoms during an attack:

• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Profuse sweating
• Restlessness – inability to find comfortable position
• Sometimes fever and chills (ominous sign suggesting infection)

What To Do During a Gallbladder Attack

Immediate actions:

1. Seek emergency care immediately – Don’t wait to see if it passes. In Abu Dhabi, call 998 or go to the nearest emergency department
2. Avoid eating or drinking – Food and drink stimulate more gallbladder contraction, worsening pain
3. Don’t self-medicate – Avoid taking aspirin or NSAIDs which can complicate treatment
4. Note timing – Track when symptoms started and what you ate – this information helps your doctor

What emergency treatment involves:

• Pain relief medication (usually intravenous)
• Anti-nausea medication
• Intravenous fluids
• Blood tests to check for complications
• Ultrasound imaging
• Often admission for observation and urgent surgery

What Happens If You Ignore Gallbladder Symptoms?

Some patients ask me, “What if I just live with the symptoms?” This is dangerous thinking. Untreated gallbladder disease progresses and can lead to life-threatening complications.

Serious Complications of Delayed Treatment

Acute Cholecystitis

Persistent bile duct obstruction leads to gallbladder inflammation and often infection. This condition requires hospitalization and typically urgent surgery. Without treatment, the gallbladder can develop gangrene (tissue death) or even rupture.

Cholangitis

When stones obstruct the common bile duct, bacteria can ascend from the intestine and cause a severe bile duct infection. This is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate antibiotics and bile duct drainage.

Gallstone Pancreatitis

If a stone blocks the pancreatic duct (which shares a common channel with the bile duct), it triggers acute pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas. This can be severe, requiring intensive care treatment.

Gallbladder Cancer

While rare, chronic gallbladder inflammation from long-standing stones increases risk of gallbladder cancer. This underscores why addressing symptomatic gallstones promptly is important.

Quality of Life Impact

Beyond medical complications, untreated gallbladder disease significantly affects quality of life:

• Dietary restrictions – Fear of triggering attacks leads many to avoid favorite foods
• Social limitations – Difficulty dining out with family and friends
• Work disruption – Unpredictable pain episodes affect job performance
• Sleep disturbance – Nighttime attacks disrupt rest
• Anxiety – Constant worry about when the next attack will strike

Diagnostic Process: How We Confirm Gallbladder Problems

Accurate diagnosis is essential before recommending treatment. My evaluation follows a systematic approach combining clinical assessment with modern imaging.

Clinical Evaluation

Medical History

I spend significant time understanding your symptom pattern:

• When do symptoms occur? (timing relative to meals)
• What makes symptoms worse or better?
• How long do episodes last?
• Have symptoms changed over time?
• Any previous abdominal surgeries?
• Family history of gallstones?
• For women: pregnancy history, hormone medications

Physical Examination

Key examination findings include:

• Murphy’s sign – Increased pain when I press on the gallbladder area during deep breath (positive in acute cholecystitis)
• Right upper quadrant tenderness – Pain with palpation over gallbladder region
• Jaundice assessment – Checking skin and eye color
• Fever check – Elevated temperature suggests infection

Imaging Studies

Abdominal Ultrasound

This is my first-line imaging test because it’s:

• Highly accurate – Detects gallstones with >95% sensitivity
• Safe – No radiation exposure
• Quick – Usually completed in 15-20 minutes
• Affordable – Widely available in Abu Dhabi

Ultrasound reveals:

• Presence and number of gallstones
• Gallbladder wall thickness (indicates inflammation)
• Bile duct diameter (widening suggests obstruction)
• Fluid around the gallbladder (indicates severe inflammation)

CT Scan or MRI

I order these advanced imaging studies when:

• Ultrasound findings are inconclusive
• I suspect complications (abscess, pancreatitis)
• Planning complex surgery
• Evaluating the pancreas or bile ducts

MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography) provides excellent visualization of bile ducts and can detect stones not visible on ultrasound.

Laboratory Tests

Blood tests help assess complications:

• Complete blood count (CBC) – Elevated white blood cells indicate infection
• Liver function tests – Elevated enzymes suggest bile duct obstruction
• Bilirubin levels – Increased in bile duct blockage
• Pancreatic enzymes – Elevated if pancreatitis present

Treatment Options: From Conservative Management to Surgery

Treatment recommendations depend on symptom severity, complications, and your overall health status. Let me walk you through the options I discuss with patients.

Conservative Management

When Conservative Approach Is Appropriate

For patients with:

• Asymptomatic gallstones – Stones discovered incidentally on imaging for other reasons
• Infrequent, mild symptoms – Occurring less than once every few months
• High surgical risk – Severe medical conditions making surgery dangerous

Conservative Measures Include

• Dietary modifications – Low-fat diet to reduce gallbladder stimulation
• Weight management – Gradual weight loss if overweight (rapid weight loss can worsen gallstones)
• Pain management – Medications for occasional symptoms
• Watchful waiting – Regular monitoring with periodic check-ups

Important caveat: Conservative management doesn’t cure gallstone disease – it only manages symptoms. Most patients with symptomatic gallstones eventually require surgery.

Surgical Treatment: Cholecystectomy

Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the definitive treatment for symptomatic gallstones. Contrary to what patients fear, you can live normally without a gallbladder.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Preferred Approach)

In over 95% of cases, I perform laparoscopic (minimally invasive) gallbladder removal. This technique offers substantial advantages:

• Minimal scarring – 3-4 small incisions (5-10mm each)
• Less pain – Significantly reduced compared to open surgery
• Faster recovery – Most patients return to normal activities in 1-2 weeks
• Shorter hospital stay – Often discharged next day
• Lower complication rates – Reduced risk of infection and hernias

The procedure involves:

1. General anesthesia
2. Four small incisions in the abdomen
3. Insertion of laparoscope (camera) and surgical instruments
4. Careful dissection of the gallbladder from the liver
5. Closure of bile duct and blood vessels
6. Removal of gallbladder through one of the small incisions

Open Cholecystectomy

Sometimes open surgery is necessary:

• Severe inflammation making laparoscopic approach unsafe
• Complicated anatomy
• Conversion from laparoscopic if technical difficulties arise (occurs in <5% of cases)
• Suspected gallbladder cancer

Timing of Surgery

When should surgery be done?

• Emergency surgery (within 24-48 hours) – For acute cholecystitis, gangrene, or perforation
• Urgent surgery (within 1-2 weeks) – For recurrent attacks or persistent symptoms
• Elective surgery (scheduled at convenience) – For less frequent symptoms when scheduling allows

My recommendation: If you’re having recurrent symptoms, don’t delay surgery unnecessarily. Complications increase with time, and emergency surgery carries higher risks than planned procedures.

Special Considerations for Patients in Abu Dhabi

Practicing in Abu Dhabi for over 20 years has taught me unique considerations for our diverse patient population.

Ramadan and Gallbladder Symptoms

Ramadan fasting presents specific challenges and opportunities:

• Risk of symptoms – The prolonged fast followed by large iftar meals can trigger attacks in susceptible patients
• Surgical timing – Many patients prefer surgery either before or after Ramadan
• Post-surgical fasting – Patients often ask about fasting after gallbladder surgery

Insurance and Healthcare Navigation in UAE

Understanding your insurance coverage is essential:

• Most UAE insurance plans cover medically necessary gallbladder surgery
• Pre-authorization may be required
• Coverage typically includes surgeon fees, hospital stay, and anesthesia

Cultural Sensitivity and Family-Centered Care

I recognize that healthcare decisions often involve the entire family:

• Family members are welcome in consultations
• We accommodate prayer times and cultural considerations
• Gender-sensitive care options available
• Multilingual support (Arabic, Hindi, and other languages)

When to Seek Medical Care: Your Action Plan

Understanding when to seek care is critical for optimal outcomes and avoiding complications.

Immediate Emergency Care (Call 998 in UAE)

Go to emergency department or call ambulance for:

• Severe, constant abdominal pain lasting >6 hours
• High fever with abdominal pain
• Jaundice (yellow skin or eyes)
• Persistent vomiting
• Rapid heartbeat, confusion, or signs of shock

Urgent Medical Consultation (Within 24-48 Hours)

Schedule urgent appointment for:

• Recurring episodes of upper right abdominal pain
• Pain specifically triggered by eating
• Multiple episodes per week
• New onset jaundice (even without pain)

Routine Consultation (Within 1-2 Weeks)

Schedule evaluation for:

• Intermittent upper abdominal discomfort
• Digestive symptoms not responding to antacids
• Symptoms occurring 2-3 times monthly
• Known gallstones with mild symptoms

Why Choose Dr. Rajarshi Mitra for Gallbladder Care in Abu Dhabi

As a specialist laparoscopic surgeon with over 20 years of experience, I’ve dedicated my practice to providing comprehensive, patient-centered gallbladder care.

My Qualifications and Experience

• MBBS, MS (Surgery) – Comprehensive surgical training
• FACS (Fellow of the American College of Surgeons) – International recognition of surgical expertise
• FIAGES, FICS – Specialized training in minimally invasive surgery
• Dip. Lap (France) – Advanced laparoscopic surgery certification
• 20+ years experience – Over 2000 successful gallbladder surgeries performed

My Approach to Patient Care

• Thorough evaluation – I take time to understand your complete medical history
• Clear communication – I explain your condition and treatment options in language you understand
• Shared decision-making – Treatment plans tailored to your individual needs and circumstances
• Minimally invasive focus – Laparoscopic surgery whenever possible for faster recovery
• Comprehensive follow-up – Ongoing care to ensure optimal recovery

Location and Accessibility

NMC Specialty Hospital
Department of Surgery
Zayed The First St – Zone 1
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Contact Information:
📞 Phone/WhatsApp: +971-50-954-2791
✉️ Email: surgeon@drrajarshimitra.com
🌐 Website: https://drrajarshimitra.com/

Consultation Hours:
Monday-Saturday: Available
Sunday: Closed

Conclusion: Take Control of Your Gallbladder Health

Gallbladder symptoms should never be ignored. What starts as occasional discomfort after fatty meals can progress to serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. The good news is that modern laparoscopic surgery offers safe, effective treatment with minimal downtime and excellent outcomes.

Key Takeaways:

• Recognize early warning signs – recurring post-meal discomfort, right upper abdominal pain, and digestive issues
• Seek immediate care for emergency symptoms – severe pain, fever, jaundice
• Don’t delay evaluation – early diagnosis prevents complications
• Women are at higher risk – hormonal factors increase gallstone formation
• Laparoscopic surgery is highly effective – most patients recover quickly and live normally without a gallbladder
• Cultural considerations matter – Ramadan timing, insurance navigation, and family-centered care

If you’re experiencing any symptoms described in this guide, I encourage you to schedule a consultation. Early evaluation and treatment can dramatically improve your quality of life and prevent serious complications.

In my 20 years of practice in Abu Dhabi, I’ve helped thousands of patients find relief from gallbladder symptoms and return to enjoying their lives fully. I’m committed to providing you with the highest quality care using the most advanced techniques available.

Don’t let gallbladder symptoms control your life. Take the first step toward relief today.

By Dr. Rajarshi Mitra, FACS
Specialist Laparoscopic Surgeon & Proctologist
NMC Specialty Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Article last reviewed and updated: January 11, 2026

Dr Rajarshi Mitra

Dr. Rajarshi Mitra is a patient-centered, highly-rated Specialist Laparoscopic Surgeon & Proctologist in Abu Dhabi, offering Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery, Minimally Invasive Proctology & Lasers in Proctology. He is MBBS; MS (Surgery); FACS(USA); FIAGES; FICS (USA); Dip. Lap (France); and Dip. Hernia (APHS) with 20 years of extensive experience in Laparoscopic Surgery, Minimally Invasive Proctology and Fellowship training in Colorectal and Bariatric Surgery.